Integration, feedback and immersion: research on the construction of a model for the inheritance and education of intangible cultural heritage dance empowered by mixed reality technology: a case study of Zhouzhi bamboo horse in Xi'an City
融合·反馈·沉浸：混合现实技术赋能非遗舞蹈传承教育模式的构建研究——以西安市周至竹马为例

摘要

西安市非物质文化遗产（非遗）的活态传承面临着教学效率低、动作还原度差、师资短缺等核心挑战，特别是舞蹈动作类技艺。本文针对西安市第二批非物质文化遗产名录中的周至竹马的传承核心问题，创新性地提出并构建了一种基于混合现实（Mixed Reality, 本文简称MR）技术的非遗舞蹈教学模式。本研究深度融合具身认知理论、情境学习理论与认知负荷理论为三位一体理论框架，设计出“虚拟-现实动作叠加”、“实时视觉反馈与纠错”、“多视角沉浸式学习”的研究核心机制。通过动作捕捉技术精准采集并数字化复现周至竹马传承人的舞蹈技艺，以建立非遗舞蹈数据库；学习者佩戴MR设备后，可在混合现实中直观观察、模仿虚拟教师的分解动作，并实时接收系统对自身动作的评估与纠错反馈。研究表明，该模式有效地解决了远程/在线教学中的核心问题，如师生互动不足、动作模仿不准确、学习效率低、技艺传承失真、非遗技艺留存难还原等痛点。该研究显著提升了学习者的动作模仿精度与技能掌握速度，同时最大程度保留了非遗技艺在传承过程中的“原真性”。本研究为周至竹马非遗传承提供了一套可操作的技术解决方案，同时为技艺类非遗的数字化发展、标准化传承、高效化教学提供了新的思路，具有重要的教育实践价值与文化保护意义。

Abstract

The dynamic inheritance of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) in Xi'an is facing core challenges such as low teaching efficiency, poor action reproduction, and shortage of teachers, especially for dance action-related skills. This paper, focusing on the core issues of the inheritance of Zhouzhi Bamboo Horse in the second batch of ICH list in Xi'an, innovative proposes and constructs an ICH dance teaching model based on Mixed Reality (MR, referred to as MR in this article). This research deeply integrates the theories of embodied cognition, situated learning, and cognitive load to form a tripartite theoretical framework. The core mechanisms of this study include "virtual-reality action superposition", "real-time visual feedback and correction", and "multiview immersive learning". Through motion capture technology, the dance skills of the inheritors of Zhouzhi Bamboo Horse are accurately collected and digitally reproduced to establish an ICH dance database. After learners wear MR devices, they can intuitively observe and imitate the decomposed actions of the virtual teacher in the mixed reality, and receive real-time assessment and correction feedback from the system on their own actions. The research shows that this model effectively addresses the core issues in remote/online teaching, such as insufficient teacher-student interaction, inaccurate imitation of actions, low learning efficiency, distortion of ICH skills transmission, and difficulty in restoring ICH skills. This study significantly improves the accuracy of learners' action imitation and the speed of skill acquisition, while retaining the "authenticity" of ICH skills during the inheritance process to the greatest extent. This research provides a set of operational technical solutions for the inheritance of Zhouzhi Bamboo Horse ICH, and offers new ideas for the digital development, standardized inheritance, and efficient teaching of ICH skills. It has important educational practical value and cultural protection significance.