Research on the dilemma and countermeasures of vaccine patent exemption system
疫苗专利豁免制度困境及对策研究

摘要

自疫情爆发以来，疫苗资源分配不均衡的问题进一步激化了发达国家和发展中国家之间的矛盾和冲突。2022年6月，世贸组织第十二届部长会议达成一系列共识，共识允许发展中国家在应对此事件的必要范围内适用专利豁免。然而，专利豁免制度本身就有一定的局限性且至今无法适用。本文将从知识产权制度和国际法体系两个领域交叉研究专利豁免制度的必要性、发展历史和自身缺陷，并提出解决方案。我国作为有一定疫苗研发和制造能力的发展中国家，更需要积极响该共识，为完善我国的专利制度积累经验。

Abstract

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the uneven distribution of vaccine resources has further intensified the tensions and conflicts between developed and developing countries. In June 2022, the 12th Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) reached a series of agreements, allowing developing countries to apply patent waivers within the necessary scope for combating the pandemic. However, the patent waiver system has inherent limitations and remains unapplicable. This article explores the necessity, history, and shortcomings of the patent waiver system from the intersection of intellectual property law and international law, and proposes solutions. As a developing country with certain vaccine research and manufacturing capabilities, China needs to actively respond to this consensus to gain valuable experience in improving its patent system.