摘要
1900年，普朗克基于能量量子化假说首次提出黑体辐射公式，但其推导仍依赖经典电动力学。1916年，爱因斯坦通过引入玻尔原子定态假设和纯量子化辐射相互作用理论，基本摆脱经典电动力学框架，仅在极限情况下与之关联，从而重新推导出普朗克公式。这一工作不仅验证了量子理论的普适性，还为受激发射理论（后发展为激光原理）奠定了基础。文中系统梳理了爱因斯坦的推导过程，从中可见其与维恩、普朗克方法的本质差异。
关键词： 爱因斯坦；黑体辐射；受激发射
Abstract
In 1900, Planck first proposed the blackbody radiation formula based on the energy quantization hypothesis, but his derivation still relied on classical electrodynamics. In 1916, Einstein introduced Bohr's atomic stationary state hypothesis and the theory of purely quantized radiation interactions, essentially breaking away from the classical electrodynamics framework and linking it only in limiting cases, thereby rederiving Planck's formula. This work not only verified the universality of quantum theory but also laid the foundation for the theory of stimulated emission (later developed into the principle of lasers). This article systematically reviews Einstein's derivation, highlighting its essential differences from the methods of Wien and Planck.
Key words： Einstein; Blackbody radiation; Stimulated emission
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