The role of ancient and famous tree gene banks in protecting genetic diversity of natural forests
古树名木基因库在天然林遗传多样性保护中的作用

摘要

古树名木基因库通过系统性收集、保存古树名木的遗传物质，为天然林遗传多样性保护提供核心支撑。这些存活百年以上的个体携带经长期自然选择形成的抗逆基因、适应性基因等独特遗传信息，是天然林演化历史的基因记录。基因库借助种子库、离体培养、基因组测序等技术，避免珍稀基因随古树衰老死亡而流失，同时为天然林种群更新提供优质基因来源，促进基因流良性循环，维持种群遗传结构完整性，增强天然林应对气候变化、病虫害等环境扰动的能力，是生态系统可持续发展的遗传保障。

Abstract

The ancient and famous tree gene bank provides core support for the protection of genetic diversity in natural forests through the systematic collection and preservation of genetic materials from ancient and famous trees. These individuals, which have survived for over a hundred years, carry unique genetic information such as stress-resistant genes and adaptive genes formed through long-term natural selection, serving as genetic records of the evolutionary history of natural forests. By means of technologies such as seed banks, in vitro culture, and genome sequencing, the gene bank prevents the loss of rare genes due to the aging and death of ancient trees. Meanwhile, it provides high-quality genetic sources for the regeneration of natural forest populations, promotes the circulation of gene flow, maintains the integrity of population genetic structures, and enhances the ability of natural forests to cope with environmental disturbances such as climate change and pests and diseases, thus acting as a genetic guarantee for the sustainable development of ecosystems.