New energy vehicle and grid interaction (V2G) technology: status quo, challenges and future trends
新能源汽车与电网互动（V2G）技术：现状、挑战与未来趋势

摘要

新能源汽车与电网互动（V2G）技术作为能源转型与交通电动化融合的重要方向，正逐渐成为全球研究与应用的热点。该技术通过实现电动车与电网的双向能量流动，不仅能缓解电力系统峰谷差，还能提升可再生能源的消纳能力。在技术与市场的双重推动下，V2G展现出广阔前景。当前仍面临电池寿命衰减、充放电标准缺乏统一、电网调度机制复杂及经济性不明朗等挑战。未来发展需要在电池管理优化、政策法规健全、商业模式创新以及智能调控平台建设等方面取得突破，以实现能源与交通系统的深度协同与可持续发展。

Abstract

As a pivotal integration of energy transition and electrified transportation, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology has emerged as a global research hotspot. By enabling bidirectional energy flow between electric vehicles and power grids, this innovation not only alleviates peak-valley load variations in power systems but also enhances renewable energy integration capabilities. Driven by technological advancements and market forces, V2G demonstrates vast potential. Current challenges include battery degradation, lack of unified charging standards, complex grid dispatch mechanisms, and economic uncertainties. Future development requires breakthroughs in battery management optimization, regulatory framework refinement, business model innovation, and intelligent control platform development to achieve deep integration and sustainable growth of energy and transportation systems.