Path exploration of the elderly care industry empowering rural women's reemployment under the background of common prosperity——an empirical study based on Huzhou city
共同富裕背景下农村女性养老产业再就业路径探索——以湖州市为例

摘要

在共同富裕战略和人口老龄化的影响下，农村“劳动力外流”与“养老服务缺口”的矛盾越来越突出。本文以湖州市为研究对象，采用深度访谈、焦点小组、问卷调查等方法，调查当地老年护工护理体系现状、农村中年女性就业适配情况和第三方企业劳动力转化能力。研究发现，湖州市养老服务存在覆盖不均、财政压力大、监管不及时等问题；农村女性在就业中存在护理技能不足、薪资期望与实际待遇不符、社会认可度低等困难；第三方企业存在招聘不规范、培训内容单一、奖惩机制不明确等不足。针对这些问题，本文构建“养老市场-农村女性”双向赋能模型，提出多元筹资、智能监管、订单式培训等优化方法，并在安吉县开展试点。试点结果显示，首批50名农村女性护工培训考核通过率达92%，岗位匹配平均周期缩短至7天，说明这条路径是可行的。本文研究表明，养老产业可以成为农村女性在家门口就业的新方向，能够帮助完善区域养老服务、促进农村女性增收就业，对推动共同富裕有重要意义。

Abstract

Under the influence of the common prosperity strategy and population aging, the contradiction between "labor outflow" and "elderly care service gap" in rural areas has become more and more prominent. Taking Huzhou City as the research object, this paper uses methods such as in-depth interviews, focus groups and questionnaires to investigate the current situation of the local elderly caregiver system, the employment adaptability of rural middle-aged women and the labor force transformation ability of third-party enterprises. The study found that Huzhou's elderly care services have problems such as uneven coverage, heavy financial pressure and delayed supervision; rural women have employment difficulties such as insufficient nursing skills, inconsistency between expected salary and actual treatment, and low social recognition; third-party enterprises have shortcomings such as irregular recruitment, single training content and unclear reward and punishment mechanisms. In view of these problems, this paper constructs a two-way empowerment model of "elderly care market - rural women", puts forward optimization methods such as diversified financing, intelligent supervision and order-based training, and carries out a pilot project in Anji County. The pilot results show that the training assessment pass rate of the first batch of 50 rural female caregivers reached 92%, and the average job matching cycle was shortened to 7 days, indicating that this path is feasible. This study shows that the elderly care industry can become a new direction for rural women to find jobs near their homes, help improve regional elderly care services, promote rural women's income increase and employment, and is of great significance for promoting common prosperity.