Study on the nonlinear response of peak explosive power in sprint athletes under different training load allocation during different training periods
不同周期训练负荷分配对短跑运动员爆发力峰值的非线性响应研究

摘要

短跑项目考验运动员的爆发力峰值，训练负荷分配的科学性直接改变专项能力成长状态。结合不同周期训练负荷分配和选手爆发力峰值的关联展开分析，观察负荷强度、训练频率、恢复时间及周期转换带给爆发力的各类改变。相关研究表明，爆发力提升不会随训练负荷加大出现线性增长，适宜负荷刺激、充分恢复与阶段性调整会让能力产生非线性变化。科学规划基础期、强化期、调整期训练负荷，可规避过度疲劳，推动神经肌肉系统完成适应，改善短跑运动员赛场竞技表现。

Abstract

The sprint event tests an athlete’s peak explosive power, and the scientific allocation of training load directly influences the development of specialized performance capabilities. By analyzing the relationship between training load distribution across different phases and athletes’ peak explosive power, this study examines how load intensity, training frequency, recovery time, and phase transitions affect explosive performance. Relevant research indicates that explosive power improvement does not increase linearly with elevated training loads; instead, appropriate load stimulation, adequate recovery, and phased adjustments lead to nonlinear improvements. Scientifically planning training loads during the foundational phase, intensive phase, and adjustment phase helps prevent overfatigue, facilitates neuromuscular adaptation, and enhances sprinters’ competitive performance.